bootc-image-builder

A container to create disk-images from bootc container inputs.

This tools allows to build and deploy disk-images from bootc container inputs.

🔨 Installation

Have podman installed on your system. Either through your systems package manager if you're on Linux or through Podman Desktop if you are on macOS or Windows. If you want to run the resulting virtual machine(s) or installer media you can use qemu.

On macOS, the podman machine must be running in rootful mode:

$ podman machine stop   # if already running
Waiting for VM to exit...
Machine "podman-machine-default" stopped successfully
$ podman machine set --rootful
$ podman machine start

🚀 Examples

The following example builds a CentoOS Stream9 bootable container into a QCOW2 image for the architecture you're running the command on.

The centos-bootc:stream9 base image does not include a default user. This example injects a user configuration file by adding a volume-mount for the local file as well as the --config flag to the bootc-image-builder container.

The following command will create a QCOW2 disk image. First, create ./config.toml as described above to configure user access.

sudo podman run \
    --rm \
    -it \
    --privileged \
    --pull=newer \
    --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t \
    -v $(pwd)/config.toml:/config.toml \
    -v $(pwd)/output:/output \
    quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder:latest \
    --type qcow2 \
    quay.io/centos-bootc/centos-bootc:stream9

Using local containers

To use containers from local container's storage rather than a registry, we need to ensure two things:

the container exists in local storage
mount the local container storage

Since the container is run in rootful only root container storage paths are allowed.

sudo podman run \
    --rm \
    -it \
    --privileged \
    --pull=newer \
    --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t \
    -v $(pwd)/config.toml:/config.toml \
    -v $(pwd)/output:/output \
    -v /var/lib/containers/storage:/var/lib/containers/storage \
    quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder:latest \
    --type qcow2 \
    --config /config.toml \
    --local \
    localhost/bootc:eln

When using the --local flag, we need to mount the storage path as a volume. With this enabled, it is assumed that the target container is in the container storage.

Running the resulting QCOW2 file on Linux (x86_64)

A virtual machine can be launched using qemu-system-x86_64 or with virt-install as shown below.

qemu-system-x86_64

qemu-system-x86_64 \
    -M accel=kvm \
    -cpu host \
    -smp 2 \
    -m 4096 \
    -bios /usr/share/OVMF/OVMF_CODE.fd \
    -serial stdio \
    -snapshot output/qcow2/disk.qcow2

virt-install

sudo virt-install \
    --name fedora-bootc \
    --cpu host \
    --vcpus 4 \
    --memory 4096 \
    --import --disk ./output/qcow2/disk.qcow2,format=qcow2 \
    --os-variant fedora-eln

Running the resulting QCOW2 file on macOS (aarch64)

This assumes qemu was installed through homebrew.

qemu-system-aarch64 \
    -M accel=hvf \
    -cpu host \
    -smp 2 \
    -m 4096 \
    -bios /opt/homebrew/Cellar/qemu/8.1.3_2/share/qemu/edk2-aarch64-code.fd \
    -serial stdio \
    -machine virt \
    -snapshot output/qcow2/disk.qcow2

📝 Arguments

Usage:
  sudo podman run \
    --rm \
    -it \
    --privileged \
    --pull=newer \
    --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t \
    -v $(pwd)/output:/output \
    quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder:latest \
    <imgref>

Flags:
      --chown string           chown the ouput directory to match the specified UID:GID
      --config string          build config file (default: /config.toml if present)
      --tls-verify             require HTTPS and verify certificates when contacting registries (default true)
      --type string            image type to build [qcow2, ami] (default "qcow2")
      --target-arch string     architecture to build image for (default is the native architecture)

Detailed description of optional flags

Argument	Description	Default Value
--chown	chown the ouput directory to match the specified UID:GID	❌
--config	Path to a build config	❌
--tls-verify	Require HTTPS and verify certificates when contacting registries	`true`
--type	Image type to build	`qcow2`
--target-arch	Target arch to build	❌

The --type parameter can be given multiple times and multiple outputs will be produced.

💡 Tip: Flags in bold are the most important ones.

💾 Image types

The following image types are currently available via the --type argument:

Image type	Target environment
`ami`	Amazon Machine Image
`qcow2` (default)	QEMU
`vmdk`	VMDK usable in vSphere, among others
`anaconda-iso`	An unattended Anaconda installer that installs to the first disk found.
`raw`	Unformatted raw disk.

💾 Target architecture

Specify the target architecture of the system on which the disk image will be installed on. By default, bootc-image-builder will build for the native host architecture. The target architecture must match an available architecture of the bootc-image-builder image you are using to build the disk image. Currently, amd64 and arm64 are included in quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder manifest list. The architecture of the bootc OCI image and the bootc-image-builder image must match. For example, when building a non-native architecture bootc OCI image, say, building for x86_64 from an arm-based Mac, it is possible to run podman build with the --platform linux/amd64 flag. In this case, to then build a disk image from the same arm-based Mac, you should provide --target-arch amd64 when running the bootc-image-builder command.

☁️ Cloud uploaders

Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)

Prerequisites

In order to successfully import an AMI into your AWS account, you need to have the vmimport service role configured on your account.

Flags

AMIs can be automatically uploaded to AWS by specifying the following flags:

Argument	Description
--aws-ami-name	Name for the AMI in AWS
--aws-bucket	Target S3 bucket name for intermediate storage when creating AMI
--aws-region	Target region for AWS uploads

Notes:

These flags must all be specified together. If none are specified, the AMI is exported to the output directory.
The bucket must already exist in the selected region, bootc-image-builder will not create it if it is missing.
The output volume is not needed in this case. The image is uploaded to AWS and not exported.

AWS credentials file

If you already have a credentials file (usually in $HOME/.aws/credentials) you need to forward the directory to the container

For example:

 $ sudo podman run \
  --rm \
  -it \
  --privileged \
  --pull=newer \
  --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t \
  -v $HOME/.aws:/root/.aws:ro \
  --env AWS_PROFILE=default \
  quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder:latest \
  --type ami \
  --aws-ami-name centos-bootc-ami \
  --aws-bucket fedora-bootc-bucket \
  --aws-region us-east-1 \
  quay.io/centos-bootc/centos-bootc:stream9

Notes:

you can also inject ALL your AWS configuration parameters with --env AWS_*

see the AWS CLI documentation for more information about other environment variables

AWS credentials via environment

AWS credentials can be specified through two environment variables:

Variable name	Description
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID	AWS access key associated with an IAM account.
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY	Specifies the secret key associated with the access key. This is essentially the "password" for the access key.

Those should not be specified with --env as plain value, but you can silently hand them over with --env AWS_* or save these variables in a file and pass them using the --env-file flag for podman run.

For example:

$ cat aws.secrets
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=AKIAIOSFODNN7EXAMPLE
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=wJalrXUtnFEMI/K7MDENG/bPxRfiCYEXAMPLEKEY

$ sudo podman run \
  --rm \
  -it \
  --privileged \
  --pull=newer \
  --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t \
  --env-file=aws.secrets \
  quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder:latest \
  --type ami \
  --aws-ami-name centos-bootc-ami \
  --aws-bucket centos-bootc-bucket \
  --aws-region us-east-1 \
  quay.io/centos-bootc/centos-bootc:stream9

💽 Volumes

The following volumes can be mounted inside the container:

Volume	Purpose	Required
`/output`	Used for storing the resulting artifacts	✅
`/store`	Used for the osbuild store	No
`/rpmmd`	Used for the DNF cache	No

📝 Build config

A build config is a Toml (or JSON) file with customizations for the resulting image. A path to the file is passed via the --config argument. The customizations are specified under a blueprint.customizations object.

As an example, let's show how you can add a user to the image:

Firstly create a file ./config.toml and put the following content into it:

[[blueprint.customizations.user]]
name = "alice"
password = "bob"
key = "ssh-rsa AAA ... user@email.com"
groups = ["wheel"]

Then, run bootc-image-builder with the following arguments:

sudo podman run \
    --rm \
    -it \
    --privileged \
    --pull=newer \
    --security-opt label=type:unconfined_t \
    -v $(pwd)/config.toml:/config.toml \
    -v $(pwd)/output:/output \
    quay.io/centos-bootc/bootc-image-builder:latest \
    --type qcow2 \
    quay.io/centos-bootc/centos-bootc:stream9

Users (`user`, array)

Possible fields:

Field	Use	Required
`name`	Name of the user	✅
`password`	Unencrypted password	No
`key`	Public SSH key contents	No
`groups`	An array of secondary to put the user into	No

Example:

{
  "user": [
    {
      "name": "alice",
      "password": "bob",
      "key": "ssh-rsa AAA ... user@email.com",
      "groups": [
        "wheel",
        "admins"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

Kernel Arguments (`kernel`, mapping)

{
  "blueprint": {
    "customizations": {
      "kernel": {
        "append": "mitigations=auto,nosmt"
      }
    }
  }
}

Building

To build the container locally you can run

sudo podman build --tag bootc-image-builder .

NOTE: running already the podman build as root avoids problems later as we need to run the building of the image as root anyway

Accessing the system

With a virtual machine launched with the above virt-install example, access the system with

ssh -i /path/to/private/ssh-key alice@ip-address

Note that if you do not provide a password for the provided user, sudo will not work unless passwordless sudo is configured. The base image quay.io/centos-bootc/centos-bootc:stream9 does not configure passwordless sudo. This can be configured in a derived bootc container by including the following in a Containerfile.

FROM quay.io/centos-bootc/centos-bootc:stream9
ADD wheel-passwordless-sudo /etc/sudoers.d/wheel-passwordless-sudo

The contents of the file $(pwd)/wheel-passwordless-sudo should be

%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL

📊 Project

Website: https://www.osbuild.org
Bug Tracker: https://github.com/osbuild/bootc-image-builder/issues
Matrix: #image-builder on fedoraproject.org
Mailing List: image-builder@redhat.com
Changelog: https://github.com/osbuild/bootc-image-builder/releases

Contributing

Please refer to the developer guide to learn about our workflow, code style and more.

🗄️ Repository

web: https://github.com/osbuild/bootc-image-builder
https: https://github.com/osbuild/bootc-image-builder.git
ssh: git@github.com:osbuild/bootc-image-builder.git

🧾 License

Apache-2.0
See LICENSE file for details.

bootc-image-builder

🔨 Installation​

🚀 Examples​

Using local containers​

Running the resulting QCOW2 file on Linux (x86_64)​

qemu-system-x86_64​

virt-install​

Running the resulting QCOW2 file on macOS (aarch64)​

📝 Arguments​

Detailed description of optional flags​

💾 Image types​

💾 Target architecture​

☁️ Cloud uploaders​

Amazon Machine Images (AMIs)​

Prerequisites​

Flags​

AWS credentials file​

AWS credentials via environment​

💽 Volumes​

📝 Build config​

Users (user, array)​

Kernel Arguments (kernel, mapping)​

Building​

Accessing the system​

📊 Project​

Contributing​

🗄️ Repository​

🧾 License​